The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...

For decades, the graph isomorphism problem has held a special status within complexity theory. While thousands of other computational problems have meekly succumbed to categorization as either hard or ...

Part of “Complexity Theory,” a column on the tangled questions of our technological age. “Addressing algorithmic bias is like hygiene,” she told me. “You don’t brush once, you don’t floss once, you do ...