Understanding how the brain transforms visual input into neural signals (encoding) and reconstructs perceptual or imagined content from those signals (decoding) lies at the heart of visual ...

(A) Top and rear views of 9/64, 21/64, 32/128, and 66/256 electrode configurations. (B) Basic structure of the BCI system. The 200 targets were formed by combining 40 square luminance-modulated ...